by Blog Staff | Mar 2, 2017 | Industry Intel, Threat Lab
Locky (.osiris)
O Locky, Locky! Wherefore art thou, Locky?
Alas, could Locky be no more? At the beginning of 2017, data from the field suggested potential Locky infections had decreased dramatically, so we were hoping it was on its way out. Unfortunately, Locky returned with a vengeance, though it had changed its methods somewhat. Upon further investigation, we located a number of binaries in %temp%, “a1.exe” and “a2.exe “, instantly seeing a connection to Nemucod; a name given to a family of Javascript droppers.
After additional research and decompiling several scripts, we’ve come to the conclusion that the same scripts used in previous months to distribute the .crypted “Nemucod” ransomware were suddenly downloading Locky and Kovter instead. Why the change?
Various online reports suggest that Necurs—a set of rootkit/botnet control servers—had gone offline. These were the same servers that sent out massive amounts of spam containing Locky droppers. Based on the information available, we think the bad guys changed their delivery method when these servers fell out of commission. (Incidentally, blocking the %temp% files blocks the infection, so we’re in a good position here!)
Nemucod
The Nemucod script developer used a simple script that runs another script which is then hosted on a compromised website. Those websites then randomize the contents of the script every few minutes. This means that security solutions that still use static signatures are often laughably ineffective at stopping these threats. The randomized website script is not part of the initial script, and is only readable via attachment to the WSCRIPT.exe process.
Initial script received via email:
As you can see, the script above uses “GET” to grab the response text from 1 of 5 compromised websites (var x) and evals that response text.
Sample response text from a compromised site:
When de-obfuscating scripts, I find it simpler to reverse the function used to evaluate the obfuscated content. I de-obfuscated this response script by using the initial script above with the previous function for the variable z2, which is actually eval, as follows:
was modified to
Here’s the final script, which downloads and runs the files (a1.exe and a2.exe).
Below is an example of the network traffic from this script, where the &r parameter is the downloaded payload.
CRYSIS
This ransomware is still only being distributed via compromised user accounts on RDP enabled machines. The most recently used extension is “.wallet” and it’s very common to see the ransom note email as *@india.com.
Below is a ransom note example:
Samples:
https://www.virustotal.com/en/file/31fc83f5e70515777fb4919cf249e3d2208895b96060f68a270f97377944b362/analysis/
https://virustotal.com/en/file/79b08105bbe4b7b407be42656f43c1533c725f951bc4f73c3aa9f3e68d2b3a15/analysis/
Spora
We discovered Spora last month, but data from the field suggests it isn’t too prevalent. The most common infection vector for Spora is Google Installer messages, which are displayed from third party advertisers while browsing the web. The total cost of all services is $120, which is significantly less costly than other ransomware variants, many of which demand at least 2 Bitcoins.
The image below illustrates the different prices for various services.
It also attempts to clear shadow copies via vssadmin.
SAMAS
This ransomware is distributed via compromised JBOSS servers and usually propagates to every system on a network. The most recently used extension is an ironic “.weareyourfriends”. It usually installs in %System32%, since it is typically runs with administrative rights.
Ransomware Staging Tool
Script kiddies looking to make some money need look no further. This ransomware staging tool is exactly what it sounds like: a utility where you just enter your information, browse the folders you want to encrypt, and wait for the money to roll in! We’ve seen a number of variants similar to the binary below. This is so new that it doesn’t yet have its own name, but all variants have been found on compromised RDP systems.
Statistics
Over the last couple of months, the data we’ve seen underscores how important it is for system admins to secure RDP. Unsecured RDP essentially leaves the front door open for cybercriminals. And since modern criminals can just encrypt your data, instead of having to go through the trouble of stealing it, we shouldn’t make it any easier for them to get what they want.
by Blog Staff | Mar 2, 2017 | Home + Mobile
During tax season most of us are probably still dreading the moment we have to quit procrastinating, buckle down, and file our income taxes. Coincidentally, it’s also a time that cybercriminals are working overtime to scam home users into giving over their financial data, and even their tax returns. The frequency of attacks only increases as the IRS tax deadline (April 18th this year) looms ever closer.
Don’t Let Tax Season Scammers Steal Your Refund!
According to the IRS, thousands of people have lost millions of dollars and their personal information to tax scams and fake IRS communication in the past few years. In fact, a recent phone scam has been aggressively targeting taxpayers, often members of immigrant populations, in which callers claim to be IRS employees. They use false names and credentials and even spoof their caller ID information to appear more legitimate. The scammers tell their victims they owe money to the IRS and demand it be paid right away through a pre-loaded debit card or a wire transfer. If any victims refuse or sound too skeptical, the scammers threaten them with arrest, deportation, or any number of other downright terrifying legal scenarios.
According to data collected in the 2016 tax season, the IRS saw an approximate 400% surge in phishing and malware incidents, and our own data suggests this number won’t be going down any time soon.
A number of alerts have been issued by the IRS about the fraudulent use of their name or logo by scammers who hope to steal taxpayers’ assets and identity. Regular mail, telephone, fax, emails—scammers are using every phishing tool at their disposal to trick unsuspecting victims, and the proof is in the numbers. According to data collected in the 2016 tax season, the IRS saw an approximate 400% surge in phishing and malware incidents, and our own data suggests this number won’t be going down any time soon.
BOLO (Be on the Lookout)
While the IRS provides a list they call their tax season “Dirty Dozen” scams, here are the top 5 we think you should really watch out for.
Phishing: Taxpayers need to be on guard against fake emails or websites looking to steal personal information. The IRS will never initiate contact with taxpayers via email about a bill or refund. Don’t click on one claiming to be from the IRS. Be wary of emails and websites that may be nothing more than scams to steal personal information.
Phone scams: Phone calls from criminals impersonating IRS agents remain an ongoing threat to taxpayers. The IRS has seen a surge of these phone scams in recent years as con artists threaten taxpayers with police arrest, deportation and license revocation, among other things.
Identity theft: Taxpayers need to watch out for identity theft especially around tax time. The IRS continues to aggressively pursue the criminals that file fraudulent returns using someone else’s Social Security number. Though the agency is making progress on this front, taxpayers still need to be extremely cautious and do everything they can to avoid being victimized.
Return preparer fraud: Be on the lookout for unscrupulous return preparers. The vast majority of tax professionals provide honest high-quality service. There are some dishonest preparers who set up shop each filing season to perpetrate refund fraud, identity theft and other scams that hurt taxpayers.
Fake charities: Be on guard against groups masquerading as charitable organizations to attract donations from unsuspecting contributors. Be wary of charities with names similar to familiar or nationally known organizations. Contributors should take a few extra minutes to ensure their hard-earned money goes to legitimate and currently eligible charities. IRS.gov has the tools taxpayers need to check out the status of charitable organizations.
Preventative Measures
To stay safe during tax season, you need to first understand what is and isn’t normal. When faced with officials or people with perceived authority, we tend to get nervous and want to do anything they say to avoid getting in trouble. (Think about how you probably tense up when you see a cop pull up behind you, even though you know you weren’t speeding.)
The IRS will never:
- Call to demand immediate payment using a specific payment method such as a prepaid debit card, gift card or wire transfer. Generally, the IRS will first mail you a bill if you owe any taxes.
- Threaten to immediately bring in local police or other law-enforcement groups to have you arrested for not paying.
- Demand that you pay taxes without giving you the opportunity to question or appeal the amount they say you owe.
- Ask for credit or debit card numbers over the phone.
Additionally, it’s important that you pay close attention to email addresses, and never share financial information through email. It is normal that online tax preparation services, such as TurboTax, will require several steps of authentication via a secure connection, and may ask for personal information. Because many modern phishing scams can look almost exactly like the real deal, be sure to go directly to your tax prep service’s website in your browser, rather than clicking the links in any emails. If you’re a Webroot user, we also highly recommend you enable the Webroot Filtering Extension to ensure you know which sites are safe to visit.
Know Your Rights
You have the right to be informed, and also the right to appeal any IRS decisions in an independent forum. Have other questions about your rights as a taxpayer? Visit www.irs.gov/taxpayer-bill-of-rights.
by Connor Madsen | Feb 24, 2017 | Industry Intel
Emergency Services Lines DDoS’d in Texas
Officials have sentenced a cybercriminal who manipulated a bug via the Twitter app to continuously dial 911, which spread to several hundred individuals across multiple states. By tweeting out a malicious link to his followers, anyone who clicked on it was subjected to an endless loop of dialing the local emergency services lines, until the phone carriers were able to shut down the calls.
Magento Database Flaw Exposes User Data
A flaw was discovered that can trigger code to be executed in an online shop’s database that intercepts a customer’s credit card information and resends it to the attacker’s server. This is likely the first time such an attack has been written in SQL and in addition, the code trigger responds to every new customer order by reinserting itself into the site’s source code, if it’s unable to detect the malware in any portion of the page.
IDF Phones Flooded With Malware
Researchers identified a significant number of IDF-related phones were infected with a piece of malware known as ViperRAT, which is capable of extracting and sending any sensitive data on the device. The most common method of infection stems from malicious messaging apps that request administrative permissions for the device, to then gather data and send it to a C&C server.
East Idaho Counties Victims of Ransomware
Two Idaho counties were targets of cyberattacks that left one county still struggling to regain its main systems. Teton County was fortunate to have only their main website defaced, which was promptly restored to normal. Meanwhile, Bingham County was less fortunate to have found ransomware on several computers that then infected their backup servers, bringing all current operations to a halt. The attack was likely initiated from a malicious email attachment that launched an executable file.
Zerocoin Source Code Typo Leads to Breach
Zerocoin made it known that they suffered a breach that allowed an attacker to steal over $500,000 worth of the cryptocurrency. The vulnerability was simply one additional character that caused a bug that, when exploited, allowed the attacker to make one transaction but receive the money repeatedly. The attacker apparently created multiple accounts to hide the influx of the multiple transactions, and had cashed out the majority of the stolen coins by the time the Zerocoin team noticed the variations.
by LeVar Battle | Feb 22, 2017 | Industry Intel
Chatting with David Dufour, senior director of engineering, Webroot, is always interesting. Quite frankly, so is pinning him down for a short Q+A about his experience at RSA 2017. One thing I could be sure of, though, was David having an opinion and being a straight shooter. As a first time attendee, I was curious to know what trends a veteran like David noticed and what were some highlights for him.
Webroot: You’ve been attending RSA for a number of years now. What were your expectations going into RSA 2017?
David Dufour: In my experience, RSA would never be confused with a pure play security conference like Black Hat simply because of all the hype and marketing spin, and this year did not disappoint. Going into the conference, it was apparent that Artificial Intelligence was going to be the big buzzword, with all exhibitors talking about how advanced their AI implementations were. The fun always starts when you pin many of these vendors down on exactly what AI means in their environment- how they’ve implemented it and what struggles they’ve had going to market with AI based solutions. This typically results in a glazed stares that leads to an eye twitch indicating they are finding a way to get rid of me.
“There continues to be significant advances in technology that help prevent malware both at the endpoint and in the network.”
What did you experience on the show floor?
Webroot had a prominent spot in the South Hall this year where the atmosphere seems more cutting edge than the North hall that usually hosts traditional security providers. I prefer to cut through the buzzwords and noise to get to the significant trends in the industry. Malware prevention, detection and remediation continues to be the least sexy, yet most critical tool in a security team’s bag. Although many companies purport its demise, there continues to be significant advances in technology that help prevent malware both at the endpoint and in the network. Many organizations still seem to be struggling with automation, knowing that they need to strike a more automated posture, but not yet comfortable allowing automation to run independent of human review.
What was the best part of RSA 2017?
For me, the best part of any event is typically the meetings I’m able to have with new vendors who can dive deep into the theories and implementations behind their solutions. I had several great meetings, both scheduled and impromptu, that showed promise in terms of new ideas for isolating and preventing threats. I’m hopeful some of these new companies will partner with Webroot in the near future to deliver some truly innovative ways of protecting our customers.
by Connor Madsen | Feb 17, 2017 | Industry Intel
Outerwear Online Retailer Hit with Cyber Attack
Columbia Sportswear announced that they were in the midst of investigating a cyberattack on one of its subsidiary retail sites, prAna, a brand that was acquired by Columbia in 2014. While officials still haven’t confirmed the type of attack, they have stated that it shouldn’t affect any of Columbia’s other affiliated sites.
University Targeted by Fishy Hack
An American university’s computer network was slowed to a crawl by nearly 5,000 infected devices from around the campus, all repeatedly performing searches for seafood. The IT staff noticed the dramatic increase in network traffic caused by the attack, though were initially unable to remedy the situation due to the sheer number of IoT devices sending the commands.
Mandatory Data Breach Reporting Implemented in Australia
In the past several years, thousands of companies and organizations have been victims of some form of data breach, though the number actually being reported is significantly less. While some companies choose to hide the breach from the public for fear of financial loss, this now will change in Australia as they have finally passed legislation for mandatory reporting to the Privacy Commissioner and any affected customers. This reporting must come immediately after a breach has been confirmed and could lead to hefty fines if they go unreported.
Politicians Quick to Adopt New Messaging App
A large number of politicians have been turning to an end-to-end encrypting message app that automatically deletes the conversation after a pre-determined amount of time. Similar to SnapChat, where the picture only lasts for a few seconds, the message app Confide only allows the reading of the message as a finger or cursor passes over the writing. This step dissuades any attempts to save the message’s contents, thereby keeping them from unauthorized eyes.
Ransomware Attack on Water Supply
A security researcher from Georgia created an experiment to simulate a ransomware attack on a water supply system. By using programmable logic controllers that are used in real systems, he was able to show how easily they were to exploit. Many were poorly-secured and even fully accessible online. By using one of these vulnerabilities, an attacker could easily disable several critical systems and damage the actual infrastructure.
by LeVar Battle | Feb 16, 2017 | Industry Intel
Successful companies stand on the shoulders of great customer service. At Webroot, we aim to consistently be the best, and to do so, we rely heavily on our highly skilled, globally-based technical support team to delight our customers at every turn.
At Webroot, we utilize a follow-the-sun approach with customer service support staff in Australia, the United Kingdom, and North America. – Amy Wiley, vice president of engineering service
Because of this, we were honored to win the 2017 SC Award for Best Customer Service at this week’s RSA Conference 2017 during the SC Awards Dinner and Presentation in San Francisco. The SC Awards acknowledge the achievements of companies and information security professionals that focus on protecting businesses and customer data.
The Webroot Family
We support an active and collaborative online community where customers can get involved in discussions about our products, ask IT security concerns, and even submit feature requests. Although our product is cloud-based and customers do not typically require on-site assistance, we do accommodate our customers at no additional cost when needed. Providing exceptional customer service solutions is in Webroot’s DNA and crucial to protecting our customers against the many threats launched by today’s savvy cybercriminals.
Thank you to SC Magazine the honor, and thank you to our customers for being a part of the Webroot family.
by Thomas Caldwell | Feb 15, 2017 | Industry Intel
The City of San Diego is the 8th largest city in the US and has over 12,000 employees, numerous vendor partnerships, as well as a vast array of diverse systems and devices to protect.
In addition to more traditional endpoints and data centers, the City must protect each new piece of smart technology it implements. These include smart street lighting where adaptive controllers and LEDs work to reduce energy consumption based on foot and street traffic analysis; smart parking, in which networked sensors ease congestion with driver communications and dynamic pricing; smart grid, where data collected from smart meters and phasor measurement units increase grid reliability; smart water utilities for fresh and wastewater management; the list goes on.
You can imagine, then, that the network would be a significant asset—both due to cost and the fact that it’s the connective tissue between all business processes, city services, critical infrastructure, and various devices. Because of the diverse and widespread nature of City devices, the network that connects them is constantly exposed to attacks from all entry points of the perimeter, VPN, WiFi, and from internal people using infected devices.
Some Attacks Are Too Sophisticated For Legacy Security Tools
While legacy security tools can catch up to 95% of the attacks from known threat vectors, the most sophisticated attackers use new forms of polymorphic malware and take advantage of the new attack vectors presented as more devices are added to the network. The remaining 5% of attacks that are too dynamic to be detected by legacy solutions now comprise a serious security gap.
FlowScape Analytics technology allows us to determine risk of system-wide user behavior and flag anomalies for remediation. – Gary Hayslip, CISO, City of San Diego
To address the 5%, the City of San Diego has adopted Webroot FlowScape® Network Behavioral Analytics. FlowScape Analytics accelerates network threat detection by automating network monitoring and leveraging supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms to protect the City’s core asset: its network. The software can find both known and unknown threat activity by first studying normal network traffic to establish a baseline, next identifying any unusual behaviors and then using advanced heuristics to do a risk assessment.
Here’s How FlowScape® Analytics Enhances Smart City Networks
What makes FlowScape Analytics special is the additional insight it provides. Most network protection solutions only look at direct traffic between endpoint devices and the internet, i.e. North/South traffic. But what about communications between internal devices within the network (East/West traffic)? FlowScape Threat Detection is tightly integrated with the Webroot BrightCloud® Threat Intelligence Platform to connect the dots between North/South communication and East/West communication. It monitors, maps, and learns both IT and IoT/SCADA/PLC communications. It also detects insider staff and vendor behaviors, which greatly increase risk through policy violations. FlowScape Analytics keeps a real-time asset inventory of anything that talks on the network, and the ports they normally communicate over. The end value is the added visibility across the entire threat landscape of a smart city network.
With a daily count of approximately 500,000 cyberattacks against the city of San Diego networks, Webroot FlowScape Analytics gives us the network visibility we need to protect critical infrastructure and services. – Gary Hayslip, CISO, City of San Diego
San Diego Improves Critical Infrastructure with FlowScape® Analytics
Since staff is limited, automating security tools has been a critical requirement for the City. Think of FlowScape Analytics like putting a security analyst in Ripley’s power loader from Aliens. Security analysts don’t have the time or resources to deal with the constant barrage of alerts, so the security framework needs to be able to do some serious heavy lifting on massive amounts of data to determine which network activity is threat related. By implementing FlowScape Analytics to protect their infrastructure, that’s exactly what the City of San Diego has done.
For more information about FlowScape Analytics, download our datasheet.
by Ken Jacobi | Feb 14, 2017 | Business + Partners, Threat Intelligence
We’re not telling you anything new when we say that malware continues to pose a major challenge for businesses of all sizes. Polymorphism, in particular, is especially dangerous. Polymorphic executables constantly mutate without changing their original algorithm, meaning the code can change itself each time it replicates, even though its function never changes at all. That’s why it’s so problematic; organizations that rely on traditional endpoint protection methods have little hope of detecting and blocking all the variants that might hit their network, even if they combine their antivirus technologies with network sandboxing.
How BrightCloud® Streaming Malware Detection Works
With all this in mind, we’ve developed Webroot BrightCloud Streaming Malware Detection. This brand new, innovative technology detects malicious files in transit, in real time, at the network perimeter. It can be integrated into perimeter network security devices to complement existing functionality by identifying and eliminating malicious files before they enter the network or have the chance to spread or mutate internally.
In most cases, Streaming Malware Detection can make determinations without requiring the entire file to be downloaded. It scans files in real time to make determinations after only a small portion of the file has streamed through a network perimeter device. Streaming Malware Detection determines quickly whether files are benign or malicious, enabling the device itself to block, drop, or route the file for further investigation, depending on how the technology partner or end customer chooses has configured the appliance.
For partners, Streaming Malware Detection…
- Adds malware detection functionality to your network device and enhances your ability to detect and block known and never-before-seen malware
- Makes determinations on a high percentage of previously unknown, zero-day, and malicious files at the network level
- Processes files at a rate of 5,700 files/min (over 500 times faster than a typical sandbox at 11 files/min)
- Continuously improves its own capabilities via self-learning
- Provides the flexibility to tune and adjust thresholds to minimize false positive rate
- Integrates quickly and efficiently in network edge security devices via precompiled SDK
- Provides an incremental revenue opportunity
How To Get Streaming Malware Detection
We’re currently planning to make this extra layer of protection against polymorphic malware, and targeted malware in general, available for GA in the second calendar quarter of 2017. For the time being, we’re pleased to invite existing and prospective Webroot technology partners to join our beta program. Contact your Webroot account representative to participate.
For more info about Streaming Malware Detection and other new Webroot services, read our press release.
by Connor Madsen | Feb 10, 2017 | Industry Intel
Macros Turn Focus Towards MacOS
Researchers have discovered a trend of malicious Microsoft Word documents for MacOS that behave similar to Windows macro infections. The culprits download and execute a malicious payload to a user’s computer. While not particularly sophisticated, the macro-based infections focus on exploiting the users of the computer, rather than a software vulnerability, as macros can also be used for legitimate applications.
Phishing and Tax Season Go Hand in Hand
It’s tax season and criminals are working on new and clever ways to gain access to sensitive documents, and other available assets. This year brings the usual spear phishing campaigns that spoof an executive requesting tax forms, but arrive with a follow-up email requesting a wire transfer to a listed account. The best defense against these types of attacks is caution on the recipient of any suspicious emails, and using two-factor authentication where available.
Android Malware Triada Takes Top Spot
The reigning Android malware family has changed from Hummingbad, a rootkit downloader that remains persistent on devices and downloads fraudulent apps for ad revenue, to Triada, a malicious backdoor that grants super-user privileges to the malicious payloads that are downloaded according to a recent announcement. This switch comes after nearly a year as the most widespread infection for Android devices.
Teen Hacks 150,000 IoT Devices Overnight
It’s been revealed that a teenager from the UK, in the span of an evening, successfully hacked over 150,000 printers across the world. He created a simple program that sent printer protocol requests to various IoT devices and was able to get responses from and send jobs to different printers. The teen claims he did so to bring attention to the major lack in security for IoT devices that are connected to an insecure network.
Unpatched WordPress Sites Defaced
Thousands of WordPress sites have been defaced by hackers exploiting a bug patched nearly two weeks ago. Sites that haven’t been updated to the latest version were susceptible to a vulnerability in the REST API allowing unauthorized changes to be made to the title and any visible content. Due to the defacements, Google has begun categorizing affected sites by the hacker group’s names.
by George Anderson | Feb 8, 2017 | Business + Partners
Throughout 2016, many of the attacks and risks in the world of cybercrime followed “analog” crime: holding something for ransom/extortion, propaganda, theft, and identity scams. You might expect a cybersecurity vendor to see these trends as good for business, but in fact it’s the opposite. The modern world relies heavily on the internet and web applications for all types of transactions. For these technologies to continue advancing, users have to feel safe when they conduct those transactions online. That means those of us in the cybersecurity field are dealing with trust as our most valuable commodity. Erode the trust too deeply and many internet users will either take their business elsewhere, or try to avoid online transactions altogether.
Maintaining customers’ trust should always be the core of any cybersecurity provider’s strategy. In 2017, we plan to continue coming up with new ways to use our threat intelligence and cloud-based security platform to do just that. Here’s a look at what’s in store.
Webroot SecureAnywhere® DNS Protection
To kick off the year, we’ve introduced our new Webroot SecureAnywhere® DNS Protection service. By redirecting users’ internet traffic through the Webroot DNS cloud, businesses now get enhanced visibility, control, and peace of mind. Web requests are checked in real time to ensure they are not malware connecting to a Command and Control server, or requests to visit high risk sites. SecureAnywhere DNS Protection also lets businesses fine-tune web access policies by IP address or IP range, and limit access to websites based on their category—with 82 URL categories to choose from. This simple, domain layer security improves productivity, provides great visibility, and is a smart and cost-effective way to dramatically reduce web risks.
Webroot FlowScape®
The second new offering is a state-of-the-art approach to early threat detection that works by analyzing all the traffic taking place within your network; not just communications to and from the internet, but also those that occur between network-connected devices. Using supervised and unsupervised machine learning and behavioral analytics, the Webroot FlowScape® solution cuts through everyday network noise to reveal network anomalies and threats that other security technologies miss, and does so early enough for security administrators to prevent those threats from compromising the network. The FlowScape solution is designed for MSSPs and other IT security professionals who need to identify all the adversarial anomalies and risks within their networks.
Webroot BrightCloud® Streaming Malware Detection
Last, but not least, we are releasing Webroot BrightCloud® Streaming Malware Detection for polymorphic malware protection. This technology detects malicious files as they stream through the network perimeter in real time, without having to download the entire file, and without causing undue network latency. Streaming Malware Detection is designed to be integrated into network security devices to help identify and eliminate malicious files before they enter the network.
2017 will bring many new security challenges, but with these new solutions in place and other innovations on the Webroot drawing board, we plan to keep building our customers’ safety, security and trust.
